Conducting a well inspection is a task that requires precision, planning, and the right tools. Whether the goal is to diagnose performance issues, assess structural conditions, or monitor long-term changes, a systematic approach ensures reliable results. Modern well cameras have made the inspection process more efficient by providing clear visuals of subsurface conditions, but the effectiveness of these tools depends on how well the inspection is carried out.
To help technicians, contractors, and groundwater specialists streamline their work, this step-by-step guide outlines the essential stages of a successful inspection. Each step builds on the previous one, ensuring that the process remains organized, safe, and consistent from start to finish. For many field teams, integrating well cameras into this workflow has become an indispensable part of maintaining well integrity and diagnosing hidden issues.
By following a structured process, professionals can produce cleaner results, reduce operational downtime, and avoid misinterpretations caused by incomplete data or inconsistent methods.
Step 1: Assess Inspection Goals and Well History
Before any equipment is deployed, technicians should review the well’s background. This includes construction records, past maintenance reports, and any documented performance problems. Understanding whether the inspection is routine or problem-driven helps determine what level of detail is required and whether specialized camera features—such as pan-tilt, high-intensity lighting, or depth tracking—may be necessary.
Having clear goals also helps streamline the inspection process and reduce unnecessary time spent underground.
Step 2: Prepare Equipment and Verify Functionality
Ensuring that all equipment operates correctly before lowering it into the well prevents delays and avoids the risk of losing tools underground. Key steps include checking:
- Camera and lighting functionality
- Cable integrity and reel operation
- Power sources and backup options
- Recording or monitoring equipment
- Depth counters or sensor systems
If working on a deep or narrow well, confirm that the camera is rated for the specific pressure and diameter requirements.
Step 3: Clean and Clear the Well Opening
Safety and accuracy depend on a clean workspace. Remove debris, vegetation, or obstructions from the wellhead. If the well cover or casing shows signs of damage, note this before continuing, as surface issues may signal deeper problems.
In some cases, technicians also flush the well to reduce turbidity and improve visibility during the inspection.
Step 4: Begin Lowering the Camera Slowly
Once the setup is complete, the camera is lowered at a controlled pace. Moving too quickly can miss important details or cause the camera to swing, creating unclear footage. Operators generally pause at key intervals—such as casing joints or perforated zones—to capture detailed visuals.
The descent should remain smooth, with consistent communication between the operator and anyone monitoring the video feed.
Step 5: Observe and Record All Visible Features
As the camera moves downward, inspectors document anything unusual, including:
- Corrosion or scaling
- Cracks or casing separation
- Screen blockage or plugging
- Sediment buildup
- Biological growth
- Intrusions or foreign objects
High-resolution recording is essential, especially when footage will be used for rehabilitation planning or regulatory reporting.
Step 6: Focus on Water-Bearing Zones and Screen Sections
These areas typically require the closest examination. Screens are often the source of reduced yield or water quality issues, so technicians may use pan-tilt controls or adjust lighting to examine them thoroughly. Any deformation, clogging, or unexpected inflow patterns should be documented.
Step 7: Reach the Bottom and Evaluate Well Termination
Upon reaching the bottom, the camera is used to evaluate sediment layers, obstructions, or signs of collapse. Conditions at the bottom often reveal long-term maintenance needs—for example, whether frequent cleaning is required or if structural rehabilitation is necessary.
Step 8: Retrieve the Camera and Review Footage
After the bottom inspection, the camera is retrieved slowly to capture upward views that may reveal details missed on the descent. Once out of the well, the footage is reviewed to verify findings, annotate recordings, and ensure no critical features were overlooked.
This step is also essential for preparing inspection reports or communicating recommended maintenance actions.
Step 9: Compile the Inspection Report
A comprehensive report includes:
- Summary of objectives
- Equipment used
- Observed conditions at each depth
- Photos or video stills
- Recommended actions
- Any safety concerns identified
Clear documentation supports maintenance planning, regulatory compliance, and long-term monitoring.
Conclusion
Conducting a well camera inspection requires thoughtful preparation, methodical execution, and careful documentation. By following a structured step-by-step process, technicians can capture accurate visuals, diagnose problems with confidence, and make better-informed decisions about well maintenance. As groundwater resources continue to be essential for communities and industries alike, these inspections play a crucial role in ensuring well safety, reliability, and long-term performance.